Optimal. Leaf size=86 \[ -\frac {\left (3-2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6}}{8 x}-\frac {3 \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6} \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {3-2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{16 x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.03, antiderivative size = 86, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 6, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 18, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {2021, 1917,
1121, 626, 633, 221} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {x^6-3 x^4+3 x^2} \left (3-2 x^2\right )}{8 x}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x^6-3 x^4+3 x^2} \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {3-2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{16 x \sqrt {x^4-3 x^2+3}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 221
Rule 626
Rule 633
Rule 1121
Rule 1917
Rule 2021
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \sqrt {x^2 \left (3-3 x^2+x^4\right )} \, dx &=\int \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6} \int x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx}{x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \sqrt {3-3 x+x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3-2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6}}{8 x}+\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-3 x+x^2}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{16 x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3-2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6}}{8 x}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {3} \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+\frac {x^2}{3}}} \, dx,x,-3+2 x^2\right )}{16 x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3-2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6}}{8 x}-\frac {3 \sqrt {3 x^2-3 x^4+x^6} \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {3-2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{16 x \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.00, size = 80, normalized size = 0.93 \begin {gather*} \frac {x \left (-18+30 x^2-18 x^4+4 x^6-3 \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4} \log \left (3-2 x^2+2 \sqrt {3-3 x^2+x^4}\right )\right )}{16 \sqrt {x^2 \left (3-3 x^2+x^4\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.11, size = 81, normalized size = 0.94
method | result | size |
trager | \(\frac {\left (2 x^{2}-3\right ) \sqrt {x^{6}-3 x^{4}+3 x^{2}}}{8 x}+\frac {3 \ln \left (\frac {2 x^{3}+2 \sqrt {x^{6}-3 x^{4}+3 x^{2}}-3 x}{x}\right )}{16}\) | \(64\) |
risch | \(\frac {\left (2 x^{2}-3\right ) \sqrt {x^{2} \left (x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3\right )}}{8 x}+\frac {3 \arcsinh \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{2}-\frac {3}{2}\right )}{3}\right ) \sqrt {x^{2} \left (x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3\right )}}{16 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3}\, x}\) | \(74\) |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{2} \left (x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3\right )}\, \left (4 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3}\, x^{2}+3 \arcsinh \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (2 x^{2}-3\right )}{3}\right )-6 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3}\right )}{16 x \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3}}\) | \(81\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.34, size = 70, normalized size = 0.81 \begin {gather*} -\frac {12 \, x \log \left (-\frac {2 \, x^{3} - 3 \, x - 2 \, \sqrt {x^{6} - 3 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2}}}{x}\right ) - 8 \, \sqrt {x^{6} - 3 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2}} {\left (2 \, x^{2} - 3\right )} - 9 \, x}{64 \, x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \sqrt {x^{2} \left (x^{4} - 3 x^{2} + 3\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 3.19, size = 69, normalized size = 0.80 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{16} \, {\left (2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 3 \, x^{2} + 3} {\left (2 \, x^{2} - 3\right )} - 3 \, \log \left (-2 \, x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 3 \, x^{2} + 3} + 3\right )\right )} \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right ) + \frac {3}{16} \, {\left (2 \, \sqrt {3} + \log \left (2 \, \sqrt {3} + 3\right )\right )} \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \sqrt {x^2\,\left (x^4-3\,x^2+3\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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